Ukukhiqizwa kwezimpahla zanamuhla zangasese kwaqala maphakathi nekhulu le-19 e-United States naseJalimane nakwamanye amazwe. Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu yentuthuko, iYurophu ne-United States ziye zaba imboni yezimpahla zangasese emhlabeni wonke ngentuthuko evuthiwe, ukuphathwa okuthuthukisiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe. Kusukela ngekhulu lama-21, imboni yezimpahla zangasese yaseShayina ithuthuke ngokushesha, umkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi, izinga lokuklama kanye nezinga lenqubo kuye kwathuthukiswa ngokushesha, kwathandwa kakhulu ngabathengi ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, ngentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe yemboni yezimpahla zangasese kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwemisebenzi kwezimboni emhlabeni wonke, imboni yezimpahla zangasese yomhlaba wonke ibonise izici ezilandelayo:
A: Ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele sekuyinto evame kakhulu
Uchungechunge lwemikhiqizo yezinto zokuhlanzeka alukwazi nje ukuhlanganiswa ngokusebenza, ukuze abathengi bakwazi ukukhululeka kakhudlwana ekusebenziseni futhi bajabulele indawo yokugezela ekhululekile nelula, kodwa futhi babe nobuqotho ngesitayela nomklamo, abathengi bangakhetha uchungechunge oluyinhloko lwemikhiqizo ebafanele ngokwezintandokazi zabo nendawo yokuhlala. Ngakho-ke, lungabonakalisa kangcono umqondo wempilo yomuntu siqu wabathengi futhi luhlangabezane nezidingo zokuthuthukiswa kobuntu babo. Ezinto zanamuhla ezicebile kakhulu, ukukhetha kwabantu imikhiqizo akugcini nje ngokugxila emsebenzini "wokusetshenziswa", kodwa futhi nokuphishekela "inani elengeziwe", ikakhulukazi ukujabulela ubuciko nobuhle kubalulekile. Kusekelwe kulokhu, uchungechunge lwemikhiqizo yokugezela ehlanganisiwe alwenzi nje kuphela abathengi bathole ukwaneliseka "kokusetshenziswa" kumkhiqizo, kodwa futhi bathole injabulo "yobuhle", okuzoba yindlela yentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo embonini yezinto zokuhlanzeka.
B: Naka kakhulu ukwakheka kwemikhiqizo yendlu yokugezela
Ngokujula kokuhlanganiswa komhlaba wonke kanye nokuhlanganiswa okujulile kwezinto ezahlukahlukene zamasiko, izidingo zabathengi ngesimo kanye nokuthungwa kwemikhiqizo yezinto zokuhlanzeka ziyanda usuku nosuku. Ngomqondo wesimanje kanye nomuzwa wemfashini, imikhiqizo yezinto zokuhlanzeka engahola indlela yokuphila yamukelwa kabanzi yimakethe. Ukuze kwandiswe isabelo semakethe, abakhiqizi bezinto zokuhlanzeka bandise ukutshalwa kwezimali ekwakhiweni kwemikhiqizo yezinto zokuhlanzeka, futhi benze ukubambisana okukhulu nabaklami abaziwayo, basungula izinto ezintsha njalo, futhi baqondise imikhiqizo yezinto zokuhlanzeka zomhlaba wonke ukuze banake kakhulu isiqondiso somklamo womkhiqizo.
C: Izinga lobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kanye nobuchwepheshe liyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka
Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kanye nezinga lenqubo yemboni yezimpahla zokuhlanzeka ngemuva kwamakhulu eminyaka yentuthuko, ekhula ngokuvuthwa nokuphelela, kusukela ekhwalithini yomkhiqizo kuya ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhiqiza, kanye nokwakheka kwenqubo yokubukeka kanye nezinye izici kuye kwathuthuka kakhulu. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amabhizinisi ezimpahla zokuhlanzeka adumile emhlabeni wonke andise ukutshalwa kwezimali kwawo ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo, njengokuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha ukulungiselela i-mud glaze paste, ukuze kuqhubeke kuvela imibala emisha ye-glaze namamodeli; Ehlonyiswe ngemishini emisha esebenza kahle kanye nomugqa wokukhiqiza ozenzakalelayo ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza; Ukwandisa imizamo yocwaningo nentuthuko, futhi asebenzise ubuchwepheshe besimanje ngendlela entsha njengokulawula nge-elekthronikhi, idijithali kanye nokuzenzakalela emikhiqizweni yezimpahla zokuhlanzeka ukuze kufezwe imisebenzi yomkhiqizo enamandla futhi ephumelelayo ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa induduzo kanye nokulula kokuhlangenwe nakho kwezimpahla zokuhlanzeka.
D: Umkhiqizo ukhombisa ukuthambekela kokuthuthukiswa kokonga amandla nokuvikelwa kwemvelo
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ohulumeni abaningi baye baqaphela ukuthi ukushoda kwamandla kanye nokungcola kwemvelo kuthinta kakhulu futhi kuvimbela intuthuko yezenhlalo neyezomnotho; Umqondo wokukhuthaza ukongiwa kwamandla kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukwenza ngcono ukwabiwa kwezinsizakusebenza, kanye nokufeza intuthuko yezomnotho esimeme nawo uye wamukelwa kabanzi futhi wamukelwa amazwe emhlabeni jikelele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuthuthukiswa kwezindinganiso zokuphila, abathengi banaka kakhulu impilo kanye nenduduzo, begcizelela ukuvikelwa kwemvelo okuluhlaza, ngaphezu kwesidingo somsebenzi wekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukonga amandla okuluhlaza kanye nemikhiqizo yokuvikela imvelo ithandwa kakhulu ngabathengi. Ngakho-ke, njengomhlinzeki wemikhiqizo yempahla yokuhlanzeka, ukuze bazivumelanise nomkhuba wentuthuko, bathuthukise izindlela zokukhiqiza, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha, ubuchwepheshe obusha, izinqubo ezintsha zokuthuthukisa imikhiqizo sekuyinto engenakugwenywa.
E: Ukudluliselwa kwesisekelo sokukhiqiza sezimboni emazweni asathuthuka
IYurophu ne-United States kanye namanye amazwe ayeyizisekelo ezibalulekile zokukhiqiza izimpahla zangasese zomhlaba wonke, kodwa ngokukhuphuka okuqhubekayo kwezindleko zabasebenzi, futhi kuthinteka yizici eziningi ezifana nenqubomgomo yezimboni kanye nemvelo yemakethe, abakhiqizi bemikhiqizo yezimpahla zangasese abadumile emhlabeni wonke bagxila izinzuzo zabo zokuqhathanisa ekwakhiweni komkhiqizo, ukuthuthukiswa kwemakethe kanye nokumaketha komkhiqizo kanye nezinye izixhumanisi, futhi balwela ukuqinisa ucwaningo lwabo kanye nentuthuko kanye nokulawula ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko bomkhiqizo obusezingeni eliphezulu. Ukudluliselwa kancane kancane kwezixhumanisi zokukhiqiza izimpahla zangasese emazweni ase-Asia njengeShayina neNdiya, lapho amanani emisebenzi ephansi, ukusekela ingqalasizinda kuphelele, futhi isidingo semakethe siyaqhubeka nokukhula, kwenze la mazwe kancane kancane aba isisekelo sokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yezimpahla zangasese yobungcweti emhlabeni.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 14-2023
